[In Depth Model Discussion, Analysis and Summaries]

Hi GP, thanks for the update, very interesting but I am a bit confused why an increase in angular momentum (and an increase in westerlies?) only leads to a slight shift in the phase of the trough-ridge pattern so that the ridge is now to our east rather than the west. I would have thought that increasing the global momentum would reduce the amplitude of the trough-high-trough pattern causing the jet streams to increase making the weather patterns more unsettled.

Any thoughts?

Thanks

[SST Explanation]

It's either 3hrly observations or forecasts I would have thought taken at 0300hrs, 0600hrs, 0900hrs etc and that is the corresponding temperature

[Interpretation Of Gwo And Angular Momentum Charts]

I was wondering if someone could please give an overview of how to understand GWO, angular momentum and torque charts please. I have noticed that these are frequently referred to but I have no idea what they mean!

Some things I would like to know include:

- what does an increase/decrease in angular momentum and/or torques mean for Europe weather? - if angular momentum increases is there more likely to be stronger westerlies (+ve NAO)?

- Does it matter where these changes take place i.e. in latitude for the impact on European weather to take place

- what does GWO phase 0 and 4 mean?

- how can these diagnostics be used to infer negative/positive NAO/AO?

Do you have any references/papers I can look at to read about this some more?

Thanks