Surface high pressure is obtained when mass is added to the air column aloft. The result is upper mass divergence and surface mass divergence.
On the contrary, vertical ascent is achieved is various ways:
- Synoptic forcing through advection of positive vorticity, upper level divergence
- Orographic lifting, where air ir forced over mountains
- Frontal lifting, where warmer less dense air rides over cold denser air
- Convection where warm bubbles get buoyant and rise due to instability
Discounting convection and orographic liftings, typical vertical speeds are in fractions of inches per seconds (a few cm/s).