Summer 1816 Temperatures And Reports.

[Weather-history]

Temperatures at Tottenham for the summer of 1816

June

1. 70f, 55f

2. 72f, 49f

3. 65f, 46f

4. 65f, 50f

5. 67f, 41f

6. 64f, 44f

7. 61f, 46f

8. 62f, 42f

9. 57f, 37f

10. 58f, 41f

11. 65f, 39f

12. 70f, 37f

13. 75f, 54f

14. 53f, 48f

15. 59f, 44f

16. 67f, 36f

17. 67f, 48f

18. 71f, 53f

19. 69f, 47f

20. 74f, 55f

21. 71f, 51f

22. 78f, 53f

23. 69f, 50f

24. 63f, 48f

25. 73f, 56f

26. 70f, 54f

27. 63f, 50f

28. 69f, 47f

29. 78f, 58f

30. 76f, 53f

July

1. 63f, 51f

2. 73f, 53f

3. 64f, 50f

4. 66f, 46f

5. 66f, 56f

6. 69f, 56f

7. 69f, 52f

8. 70f, 52f

9. 70f, 51f

10. 73f, 51f

11. 66f, 54f

12. 65f, 48f

13. 67f, 49f

14. 65f, 58f

15. 71f, 52f

16. 63f, 52f

17. 67f, 50f

18. 66f, 51f

19. 70f, 58f

20. 81f, 65f

21. 70f, 54f

22. 70f, 58f

23. 73f, 55f

24. 64f, 52f

25. 65f, 54f

26. 68f, 53f

27. 64f, 53f

28. 64f, 46f

29. 63f, 45f

30. 64f, 41f

31. 65f, 48f

August

1. 63f, 49f

2. 67f, 51f

3. 68f, 49f

4. 69f, 47f

5. 70f, 51f

6. 68f, 57f

7. 70f, 57f

8. 74f, 55f

9. 67f, 53f

10. 65f, 57f

11. 70f, 57f

12. 67f, 56f

13. 66f, 62f

14. 68f, 58f

15. 71f, 56f

16. 65f, 52f

17. 61f, 49f

18. 62f, 51f

19. 67f, 55f

20. 64f, 42f

21. 66f, 50f

22. 68f, 53f

23. 66f, 66f

24. 70f, 45f

25. 69f, 44f

26. 67f, 47f

27. 66f, 44f

28. 70f, 46f

29. 64f, 52f

30. 61f, 53f

31. 59f, 46f

CETs

June: 12.8

July: 13.4

August: 13.9

"The character of this period has been, on the whole, ungenial; though not one frosty night has occurred, yet cloudy, with blighting winds, mostly predominated and the mean temperature turns out nearly 5F lower than the corresponding portion of 1815.(mid May-mid June)"

Quebec, 10th June: We had a fall of snow here on the 8th, several inches deep. The weather is still cold and it snows at intervals; the trees are not yet in bloom and the oldest inhabitants does not remember such a season."

Nova Scotia: There has not been, for upward of forty years, so backward a season as the present. Although now in the middle of June, but little vegetation has taken place and there is scarcely any seed sown in the ground. Ice was seen on the morning of the 11th June, in the harbour and a few days since snow was falling in different parts of the country.

New York, 15th of June: The cold weather and even frosts continued in upper parts of the State, large icicles were pending and the foliage of the forests was blasted by the frost.

Kendal Chronicle, 4th of July: A traveller who has visited the top of Hlvellyn this day brought to the office a lump of snow from the summit. The gentleman informs us, that he saw three or four patches of snow, varying in extent in different directions.

"Our naval column hears the aspect of winter -- strong gales, ships on shore and loss of anchors, are rather unusual in the month of July."

On a hill, the property of Sir A. Ramsey, in the parish of Fettercairn at the distance of little more than twelve miles from the German Ocean, there was a remnant of a wreath of snow, which measured on the 6th of July five feet deep and eighty yards in circumference.

John Gibson: "During a tour of nine weeks, in this interval, extending from Amsterdam to Geneva, I had ample occasion to witness the fact, that the excessive rains of the summer were not confined to our own islands, but took place over a great part of the continent of Europe. From the sources of the Rhine among the Alps, to its embouchure in the German Ocean and through a space twice or thrice as broad from east to west, the whole season presented a series of storms and inundations. Not meadows and villages alone, but portions of cities and large towns, lay long under water, dikes were broken, bridges blown up, the crops spoiled or carried off by torrents and the vintage ruined by the want of the sun to bring out and ripen the fruit.

While the middle of Europe was thus suffering from wet, the North for a time, and to a certain extent was parched with drought, and public prayers appear to have been ordered about the same time, at Dantzic and Riga for rain and at Paris for sunshine! The probable natural causes of this unequal distribution may form a subject for discussion in another part of the week: it would be in this place be premature. I have found the principal part of the evidence respecting it in numerous circumstantial accounts of the weather given in the public papers during the summer months."

[Weather-history]

Some weather observations from London

June

2. A fine breeze

5-6th: Showery

7-10th: Rain, 987mb on 8th

12th: The hygrometer receded to 30F

15th: Overcast with cool breeze

16th: A fine day: the air becomes calmer

23rd: Cloudy am, showery day, evening cold

24th: Cloudy am, a strong cold wind from NW

26th: Between ten and eleven and rain began, which continued without intermission all day: in the evening and night it was extremely heavy.

27th: Morning very much overcast: the rain fallen from 9 yesterday morning to nine this morning amounts to 2.05 inches, a very unusual quantity for the neighbourhood of London.

29-30th: Foggy mornings: overcast.

July

4th: Showery day, some hail about 3pm

5th: Showery morning, the day fine

6th: Overcast morning: heavy dew

8th: Showery morning, fine day

10th: Showery morning, fine afternoon

12th: Cloudy morning: squally afternoon.

14th: A gentle rain nearly all day

15th: Rainy morning: showery day.

16th: Very rainy day

18th: Squally day

19th: Rainy morning, very boisterous wind all day with showers

21st: Showery day, a strong breeze from the SW.

24th: Very rainy day, some thunder in the afternoon

25th: Foggy morning

30th: A heavy shower of rain between 1 and 2pm: some hail

31st: Very foggy morning, a thunderstorm in the evening

August

2nd: Showery day

5th: Foggy morning, trees dripping. Some thunder in the afternoon, very rainy night.

19th: Clear morning

23rd: A little rain evening

24th: Cloudy morning, a considerable appearance for thunder, evening.

26th: Much dew

28th: Foggy morning

29th: Very foggy

30th: Cloudy mroning

31st: Wet morning, stormy night with heavy rain

[Coast]

1816, was what's known as 'the year without a summer' (also known as the Poverty Year, Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death, and the Year There Was No Summer). In Kent, one of the warmer parts of the British Isles, the abysmal wheat harvest is finally brought in this dismal, chilly day, the 13th October, a month and a half late.

What's going on? These apocalyptic developments are, caused by events on the other side of the world. Eighteen months earlier Mount Tambora in Java explodes in one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions blasting millions of tons of volcanic ash into the upper atmosphere. This spreads out to form an aerosol, shutting our incoming solar radiation (13 June, 18 July, 26 September). Only as the ash gradually clears from the atmosphere does equilibrium and the pace of the seasons return around 1820

The ramifications on the ground are immense. The 1816 harvest is the worst for the next 24 years prompting soaring grain prices. Although Britain has some stored grain to fall back on, the army still has to be called out to control riots in East Anglia and Dundee. In Southern Germany according to the historian Carl Clausewitz “true famine” follows. In France the wine harvest fails. In Ireland, 65,000 starve In Iceland, the poor eat moss and cats. On both sides of the Atlantic the effects ripple on for years. In Europe, 1816 - 20 is the last widespread famine of the Western world.

The year has one curious artistic legacy The dramatic colours of the volcanically induced sunsets can still he seen in the glowing technicolor skies of an English painter whom they particularly captivate - Joseph Mallord William Turner

Taken from The Wrong Kind of Snow - Woodward and Penn

Chichester Canal by Turner

The unusual climatic aberrations of 1816 had the greatest effect on the Northeastern United States, New England, the Canadian Maritimes, Newfoundland, and Northern Europe. Typically, the late spring and summer of the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada are relatively stable: temperatures (average of both day and night) average about 68–77 °F (20–25 °C), and rarely fall below 41 °F (5 °C). Summer snow is an extreme rarity, though May flurries sometimes occur.

In May 1816, however, frost killed off most of the crops that had been planted, and in June two large snowstorms in eastern Canada and New England resulted in many human deaths. Nearly a foot (30 cm) of snow was observed in Quebec City in early June, with consequent additional loss of crops—most summer-growing plants have cell walls which rupture in a mild frost, let alone a snowstorm coating the soils. The result was regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality—in short, famine.

In July and August, lake and river ice were observed as far south as Pennsylvania. Rapid, dramatic temperature swings were common, with temperatures sometimes reverting from normal or above-normal summer temperatures as high as 95 °F (35 °C) to near-freezing within hours. Even though farmers south of New England did succeed in bringing some crops to maturity, maize and other grain prices rose dramatically. Oats, for example, rose from 12¢ a bushel ($3.40/m³) the previous year to 92¢ a bushel ($26/m³) — nearly eight times as much and oats are a necessary staple for an economy dependent upon horses for primary transportation. Those areas suffering local crop failures then had to deal with the lack of roads in the early 19th century, preventing any easy importation of bulky food stuffs.

In China, the cold weather killed trees, rice crops and even water buffalo, especially in northern China. Floods destroyed many remaining crops. Mount Tambora’s eruption disrupted China’s monsoon season, resulting in overwhelming floods in the Yangtze Valley in 1816. In India the delayed summer monsoon caused late torrential rains that aggravated the spread of cholera from a region near the River Ganges in Bengal to as far as Moscow.

In the ensuing bitter winter of 1817, when the thermometer dropped to -26°F (-32 °C), the waters of New York's Upper Bay froze so hard that horse-drawn sleighs were driven across Buttermilk Channel from Brooklyn to Governors Island.

The effects were widespread and lasted beyond the winter. In eastern Switzerland, the summers of 1816 and 1817 were so cool that an ice dam formed below a tongue of the Giétro Glacier high in the Val de Bagnes; in spite of the efforts of the engineer Ignaz Venetz to drain the growing lake, the ice dam collapsed catastrophically in June 1818

wikipedia.org

From his Monticello home in Virginia USA, Thomas Jefferson recorded the severe weather of 1816 in his weather diary. Jefferson was just one of many observers who recorded unusually cold weather during the summer of 1816. And the strange weather was not confined to eastern North America. Bad weather was recorded all over the world. The cold and rainy summer in Switzerland even inspired Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley to write Frankenstein.

www.mitosyfraudes.org

[Weather-history]

US newspaper articles  during the summer of 1816

                  

 

                                       

      

[LetItSnow!]

The thing that interests me about this summer is the reports that abnormally cold weather would occasionally be interspersed with regular spells of hot weather. Though impossible, I would love to see the pressure pattern across the NH during this summer. Though there seems to have been an abormal amount of northerly winds during the summer across America, much lower global temperatures combined with cooling from the eruption of Mount Tambora must have put an extra oomph in any cold pushes. The difference between a northerly push with 0 uppers and -5 uppers can have all the difference in the world. We see this now on the flipside such as the difference between 15 and 20.