thanks for the post john, very informative. btw, i just realised, i think the 'irrational' comment was aimed at me! (no offence taken however) i wasnt suggesting that november would necessarily influence december, its just that earlier LRFs for the winter months which included november were showing a cold november. this has recently turned around to a mild november. my question was really just about how this could affect the bigger picture of winter and how the overall weather patterns could change from the original forecasts